Senior High School

Includes index.

PrefaceAbout the Authors1 Introduction to Statistics and Frequency Distributions How to Be Successful in This Course Math Skills Required in This Course Why Do You Have to Take Statistics? Statistics and the Helping Professions Hypothesis Testing, Effect Size, and Confidence Intervals Testing Causal Hypotheses Populations and Samples Independent and Dependent Variables Scales of Measurement Discrete Versus Continuous Variables Graphing Data Shapes of Distributions Frequency Distribution Tables SPSS Overview of the Activity Chapter 1 Practice Test2 Central Tendency Central Tendency Computing the Mean Find the Median Find the Mode SPSS Overview of the Activity Chapter 2 Practice Test3 Variability Population Variability Steps in Computing a Population's Standard Deviation Sample Variability SPSS Overview of the Activity Chapter 3 Practice Test4 z Scores z for a Single Score Using X to Find Important "Cut Lines" z Scores and the Standard Normal Curve Example 1: Positive z Score Example 2: Negative z Score Example 3: Proportion Between Two z Scores Overview of the Activity Chapter 4 Practice Test5 The Distribution of Sample Means and z for a Sample Mean Sampling and Sampling Error Distribution of Sample Means z for a Sample Mean Example: Computing and Interpreting the z for a Sample Mean Exact Probabilities Versus Probability Estimates Overview of the Activities Chapter 5 Practice Test6 Hypothesis Testing With z Scores Introduction to Hypothesis Testing Hypothesis Testing With z for a Sample Mean Example (One-Tailed) What Does It Mean to Describe Something as "Statistically Significant"? Errors in Hypothesis Testing Hypothesis Testing Rules What Is a p Value? Why Statisticians "Fail to Reject the Null" Rather Than "Accept the Null" Why Scientists Say "This Research Suggests" Rather Than "This Research Proves" Overview of the Activities Chapter 6 Practice Test7 Single-Sample t Test Single-Sample t Test Conceptual Information One-Tailed Single-Sample t Test Example Two-Tailed Single-Sample t Test Example Other Alpha Levels SPSS Overview of the Activity Chapter 7 Practice Test8 Estimation With Confidence Intervals Three Statistical Procedures With Three Distinct Purposes Logic of Confidence Intervals Computing a Confidence Interval for a Population Mean Computing Confidence Intervals for a Mean Difference Reporting Confidence Intervals in APA Style Confidence Intervals for Effect Sizes Interpretations of Confidence Intervals SPSS Overview of the Activity Chapter 8 Practice Test9 Related Samples t Test Repeated/Related Samples t Test Logic of the Single-Sample and Repeated/Related Samples t Tests Related Samples t (Two-Tailed) Example Related Samples t (One-Tailed) Example Statistical Results, Experimental Design, and Scientific Conclusions SPSS Overview of the Activities Chapter 9 Practice Test10 Independent Samples t Test Independent Samples t Conceptual Formula for the Independent Samples t Two-Tailed Independent t Test Example One-Tailed Independent t Test Example Other Alpha Levels SPSS Overview of the Activities Chapter 10 Practice Test11 One-Way Independent Samples ANOVA Independent Samples ANOVA An Example ANOVA Problem An Additional Note on ANOVAs: Family-Wise Error and Alpha Inflation SPSS Overview of the Activities Chapter 11 Practice Test12 Two-Factor ANOVA or Two-Way ANOVA Purpose of the Two-Way ANOVA Describing Factorial Designs Logic of the Two-Way ANOVA Example of a Two-Way ANOVA SPSS Overview of the Activities Chapter 12 Practice Test13 Correlation and Regression When to Use Correlations and What They Can Tell You Review of z Scores The Logic of Correlation Direction and Strength of Correlation Coefficients Computational Formulas Spearman's (rs) Correlations Using Scatterplots Prior to Correlation Coefficients Alternative Use for Correlation Correlation and Causation Hypothesis Testing With Correlation Two-Tailed Pearson's Correlation Example One-Tailed Pearson's Correlation Example What If You Need to Do a Spearman's Correlation? Confidence Intervals SPSS Overview of the Activities Chapter 13 Practice Test14 Goodness of Fit and Independence Chi-Square Statistics Overview of Chi-Square Logic of the Chi-Square Test Comparing the Goodness-of-Fit Chi-Square and the Chi-Square for Independence Goodness-of-Fit Chi-Square Example Chi-Square for Independence SPSS Overview of the Activities Chapter 14 Practice TestAppendicesAppendix A Unit Normal Table (z Table)Appendix B One-Tailed Probabilities t Table Two-Tailed Probabilities t TableAppendix C F Table (a = .05) F Table (a = .01)Appendix D The Studentized Range Statistic (q) TableAppendix E One-Tailed Pearson's Correlation Table Two-Tailed Pearson's Correlation TableAppendix F Spearman's Correlation TableAppendix G Fisher r to z TableAppendix H Critical Values for Chi-SquareAppendix I Computing SSs for Factorial ANOVAAppendix J Choosing Correct Test StatisticsIndex

"The Second Edition takes a unique, active approach to teaching and learning introductory statistics that allows students to discover and correct their misunderstandings as chapters progress rather than at their conclusion. Empirically-developed, self-correcting activities reinforce and expand on fundamental concepts, targeting and holding students' attention. Based on contemporary memory research, this learner-centered approach leads to better long-term retention through active engagement while generating explanations. Along with carefully placed reading questions, this edition includes learning objectives, realistic research scenarios, practice problems, self-test questions, problem sets, and practice tests to help students become more confident in their ability to perform statistics."--Résumé de l'éditeur. This book is unique in the depth of its active pedagogical approach to learning statistics. The Second Edition is based on contemporary research on memory and the "testing effect" which requires students to answer questions to facilitate their long-term retention.

In English.